Loss of sea ice, changes to tundra: Study says Arctic faces 19 tipping points

But most of the threats are already appearing. And some are likely to lead to a new normal, even if countries manage to control climate change.

“Several of these regime shifts are definitely at stake even with two degrees warming,” said Sommerkorn from Stockholm, Sweden, where the report was released.

Summer sea ice is well on its way to becoming a memory as temperatures in the High Arctic this fall have been 20 degrees above normal. A warmer Arctic means shrubs are creeping northward, replacing lichens and grasses that caribou depend on. Some Arctic waters are already becoming dead zones bereft of oxygen.

Lakes are collapsing as permafrost beneath them melts. Fisheries are on the move, disrupting food webs as some species move north and others find their new surroundings uninhabitable.

Land and sea environments are changing everywhere: from salt marshes and peatlands to river channels and kelp beds. Northerners are finding it harder and more dangerous to travel as once-familiar weather and ice patterns shift.

Sommerkorn points out the changes already underway will be hard to undo or even may be irreversible. Many are linked and reinforce each other.

Climate change is by far the largest driver of all the changes. Sommerkorn points out that members of the Arctic Council, as well as observer countries such as China, emit most of the world’s greenhouse gases.

Northerners will have to be resilient to maintain their way of life and adapt to the new Arctic, he said.

“We can set ourselves up to respond and even shape the change that is coming towards us to be better for our well-being.”

People across the Arctic will have to learn to work together through their governments to keep up, the report concludes, and northerners need to organize and band together to ensure their concerns are heard.

Southerners must also realize that their climatic and economic future depends on what happens in the Arctic.

“That is also something that is very appealing to people living in the Arctic,” Sommerkorn said.

— Follow Bob Weber on Twitter at @row1960

Bob Weber, The Canadian Press

by Canadian Press

Loss of sea ice, changes to tundra: Study says Arctic faces 19 tipping points

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